Identity, Independence and Interdependence: Perspectives on Hadejia–Kano Relations in the Pre-colonial Period

Abstract

This paper examines the historical relationship between Hadejia and Kano during the pre-colonial period, emphasizing the concepts of identity, independence, and interdependence. It explores the political, economic, and cultural interactions that shaped relations between the two states and demonstrates how trade, diplomacy, migration, and shared institutions contributed to mutual development while preserving the distinct identities of each polity. The study argues that although Hadejia maintained its political independence, its long-standing relationship with Kano fostered regional cooperation and strengthened socio-economic integration in the Central Sudan.